What does the Psychology component of an assessment for Autism involve?
To ensure that the individual is well-understood, and that both their skills and any difficulties are accurately measured, a comprehensive assessment is important. While each assessment is tailored to the child and goals of assessment, it generally involves the following components:
Interview session with the parents/carers
- This will include discussion of any concerns raised as well as completion of the Autism Diagnostic Interview - revised (ADI-R)1. The ADI-R is a standardised measurement tool used to identify ASD and to distinguish from other developmental disorders. It involves the Psychologist asking the parents/carers various questions about the child's development and current functioning.
- The Adaptive Behaviour Assessment System (ABAS-3) The ABAS-3 covers three broad domains (conceptual, social and practical). Within these domains, it assesses 10 skill areas. Items focus on practical, everyday activities required to function, meet environmental demands, care for oneself, and interact with others effectively and independently.
- Other measurements tools, or questionnaires, may also be administered or given to parents to complete.
Individual session(s) with the child/individual being assessed
- This will allow the Psychologist to observe and interact with the child.
- The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule - 2nd edition (ADOS-2)1 will be administered. The ADOS-2 is an interaction-based assessment allowing the Psychologist to assess the individual's play, interaction, and behaviours. The assessment is tailored to the child's age; more play-based for younger children and more conversational for adolescents.
- The Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI II) delivers an estimation of a student’s general intellectual ability by measuring the verbal, nonverbal, and general cognition of individuals from 6 to 89 years of age.
Contact with the kindergarten or school teachers (or as otherwise appropriate)
- Consultation with care and educational staff is important to ensure that the child's functioning in such settings is considered, This can include speaking with the staff member, conducting an observation at the centre or school, and/or having the staff member complete a standardised questionnaire. The parent's consent will always be obtained before any contact is made.
- Other professionals, such as the child's speech therapist, occupational therapist, wellbeing teacher, etc, will also consulted where appropriate.
Feedback Session
- Once all of the above mentioned components of the Autism assessment have been completed, including the comprehensive diagnostic report, a feedback session with parents/carers is recommended.
- During such session, the Psychologist will discuss the information collected and how it leads to the assessment conclusion. This may include a diagnosis of Autism, other difficulties, or general needs for support. The child's areas of strengths will also be highlighted, as these are important for building confidence and supporting further learning.
- Recommendations will then be discussed, which may include therapy, supports in school, strategies in the home, etc. Options for accessing funding and financial supports will be discussed.
- The clinical diagnostic assessment report will also be provided and reviewed during the feedback session.
- The overarching aim of the feedback session is for parents/carers to leave with an understanding of their child's functioning, ways that they can help to support their development and wellbeing, where and how to access appropriate supports, and with a sense of empowerment.
1 Research and best practice guidelines advise that the ADI-R and ADOS, used together along with wider assessment, provides the most reliable and valid diagnostic assessment of Autism.
Falkmer, T., Anderson, K., Falkmer, M., & Horlin, C. (2013). Diagnostic procedures in autism spectrum disorders: a systematic literature review. European child & adolescent psychiatry, 22(6), 329-340.
